A Comparison of the NIV and the NIVI: A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis Of The Usage Of Anthrōpos And Anēr In These Versions
JBMW
Anthrōpos In The NIV And The NIVI
Total number of references: 550
References changed: 245 (44%)
Changes By Category:
1. From singular to "inclusive" plural: 23 (9%)
Change: from "man" to "people," from "son" to "children," etc.
References: Matt 4:4; 7:9; 12:35 (2); Mark 2:27 (2); Luke 4:4; 6:45; John 2:25; 7:51; Acts 17:26; Rom 1:23; 4:6; 1 Cor 6:18; 2 Cor 12:4; Gal 6:7; 1 Thess 4:8; Tit 3:10; Heb 9:27; 13:6; Jas 2:24; Rev 9:18, 20
2. From singular to "inclusive" singular: 38 (15%)
Change: from "man" to "human being," "anyone," "person," "no one," "one," etc.
References: Matt 12:12, 43, 45; 18:7; 19:6; 22:11; Mark 7:11; 10:9; Luke 11:24, 26; 12:14; 14:30; John 1:9; 3:4, 27; 7:23; 10:33; Acts 10:28; 12:22; 25:16; Rom 2:3, 29; 3:4, 28; 7:1; 9:20; 10:5; 14:20; 1 Cor 2:14; 2 Cor 4:2; Gal 2:16; Phil 2:8; Heb 2:6; 8:2; Jas 2:20; 3:8; Rev 4:7; 9:5
3. From singular to "collective" singular: 3 (1%)
Change: from "man" or "mankind" to "humanity," "human race"
References: Eph 2:15; Rev 13:18; 16:18
4. From singular to "collective" plural: 1 (1%)
Change: from "mankind" to "the world's people"
Reference: Rev 9:15
5. From plural to "inclusive" plural: 80 (33%)
Change: from "men" to "men and women," "others," "people," "human beings," "other people," "those," etc.
References: Matt 4:19; 5:16; 6:1, 2, 5, 14, 15, 16, 18; 9:8; 10:17, 32, 33; 12:31, 36; 22:16; 23:4, 5, 7, 13; Mark 1:17; 3:28; 12:14; Luke 2:14, 52; 5:10, 18; 6:22; 11:44; 12:8, 9, 36; 16:15 (2); 18:2, 4, 11; 21:26; John 3:19; Acts 4:12; 5:29; 22:15; Rom 1:18; 5:12, 18 (2); 1 Cor 3:3, 4; 4:9; 7:23; 14:2, 3; 15:19, 39; 2 Cor 5:11; 8:21; Gal 1:10 (2); Eph 3:5; 4:8, 14; 6:7; 1 Thess 2:4; 3:2; 1 Tim 2:4, 5; 4:10; 6:5, 9; 2 Tim 2:2; 3:13; Tit 2:11; Heb 6:16; Jas 3:9; 1 Pet 2:4, 15; 2 Pet 3:7; Rev 9:6; 16:21; 21:3
6. From plural to "inclusive" singular: 4 (1%)
Change: from "all men" to "everyone," etc.
References: Luke 6:26; Rom 2:16; 1 Thess 2:15; Tit 3:2
7. From plural to "collective" singular: 2 (1%)
Change: from "men" to "humanity"
References: Acts 15:17; Rev 14:4
8. From indirect to direct reference: 22 (9%)
Change: from "a man" to "you," from "man's" to "your," etc.
References: Matt 10:36; 15:11 (2),18, 20 (2); 16:26 (2); Mark 7:15 (3),18, 20 (2),21, 23; 8:36, 37; Luke 9:25; 1 Cor 4:1; 7:7; 11:28
9. From noun/personal pronoun to adjective/adverb: 37 (15%)
Change: from "man" or "men" to "human" or "humanly"
References: Matt 15:9; 16:23; 17:22; 19:26; 21:25, 26, 28; Mark 7:7, 8; 8:33; 9:31; 10:27; 11:30, 32; Luke 9:44; 18:27; 20:4, 6; John 2:25; 5:41; 12:43; Acts 10:26; 17:29; 1 Cor 1:25 (2); 2:5; 13:1; Gal 1:10, 11; 1 Thess 2:6, 13; 1 Tim 2:5; Jas 5:17; 2 Pet 1:21; 2:16; 1 John 5:9; Rev 21:17
10. Paraphrase: 14 (6%)
Change: paraphrase
References: Matt 5:13; Acts 24:16; Rom 14:18; 1 Cor 2:11 (3); 3:21; Gal 1:1 (2),12; Col 3:23; Jas 1:7; 1 Pet 4:6; Rev 13:13
11. Arbitrary deletion, substitution, addition, or change: 19 (8%)
Change: various
References: Matt 8:27; 13:52; 19:12; John 1:4; 3:1; 8:17; 11:50; 18:14; Acts 5:4; 1 Cor 15:21 (2); 2 Cor 12:3; 2 Tim 3:8, 17; Heb 5:1; 7:8; 2 Pet 1:21; Jude 4; Rev 18:13
12. Deletion: 2 (1%)
Change: deletion
References: Acts 14:15; 1 Tim 5:24
No Changes By Category:
1. Already "gender-inclusive" in current NIV: 95 (31%)
References: Matt 5:19; 7:12; 11:19; 12:11; 13:25, 28, 45; 16:13; 18:23; 20:1; 21:33; 22:2; 23:28; 26:24; Mark 8:24, 27; 11:2; Luke 1:25; 5:20; 6:31; 7:31, 34; 11:46; 13:4; 15:4; 19:30; John 2:10; 4:28; 5:5, 7, 34; 6:10, 14; 7:22, 23; 9:16; 16:21; 17:6; Acts 4:9, 17; 5:38; 14:11; 16:37; 17:30; 18:13; 19:35; 21:39; 22:25, 26; Rom 2:1, 9; 3:5; 6:6; 7:22; 12:17, 18; 1 Cor 2:9; 7:26; 9:8; 15:32; 2 Cor 3:2; 4:16; Gal 2:6; 3:15 (2); 6:1; Eph 3:16; 4:22, 24; Phil 2:7; 4:5; Col 1:28 (3); 2:8, 22; 3:9; 1 Tim 2:1; 6:16; 2 Tim 3:2; Tit 1:14; 3:8; Heb 5:1; Jas 1:19; 1 Pet 3:4; 4:2; Rev 8:11; 9:4, 7, 10; 11:13; 16:2, 8, 9, 21
2. Person referred to is undeniably male: 93 (31%)
References: Matt 8:9; 9:9, 32; 10:35; 11:8; 12:10, 13; 17:14; 19:3, 5, 10; 26:24, 72, 74; 27:32, 57; Mark 1:23; 3:1, 3, 5; 5:2, 8; 10:7; 14:13, 21 (2),71; 15:39; Luke 2:25 (2); 4:33; 6:6; 7:8, 25; 8:29, 33, 35; 14:2; 22:10, 22; 23:4, 6, 14 (2),47; John 1:6; 4:29, 50; 5:9, 12, 15; 7:46; 8:40; 9:1, 11, 16, 24 (2),30; 11:47; 18:17, 29; 19:5; Acts 4:13, 14, 16, 22; 5:28, 34, 35, 38; 6:13; 9:33; 15:26; 16:17, 20, 35; 19:16; 21:28; 23:9; 25:22; 26:31, 32; 28:4; Rom 5:12, 15, 19; 7:24; 1 Cor 7:1; 2 Cor 12:2; Gal 5:3; Eph 5:31; 2 Thess 2:3; 1 Tim 6:11
3."Son of Man": 86 (28%)
References: Matt 8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27, 28; 17:9, 12; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30 (2),37, 39, 44; 25:31; 26:2, 24 (2),45, 64; Mark 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21 (2),41, 62; Luke 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7; John 1:51; 3:13, 14; 5:27; 6:27, 53, 62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23, 34 (2); 13:31; Acts 7:56; Heb 2:6; Rev 1:3; 14:14
4. Characters in parables: 24 (8%)
References: Matt 13:24, 31, 44; 18:12; 21:28; 25:14, 24; Mark 4:26; 12:1; 13:34;
Luke 6:48, 49; 10:30; 12:16; 13:19; 14:16; 15:11; 16:1, 19; 18:10; 19:12, 21, 22; 20:9
5. Unclear why not changed in light of other changes: 7 (2%)
References: Luke 22:58, 60; 24:7; 1 Cor 15:45, 47 (2); Heb 7:28 (cf. 5:1)
anēr in the NIV and the NIVI
Total number of references: 216
References changed: 28 (8%)
Changes By Category:
1. From singular to "inclusive" plural: 4 (14%)
Change: from "man" to "they," "those," "people"
References: Rom 4:8; Jas 1:8, 12, 23
2. From singular to "inclusive" singular: 2 (7%)
Change: from "man" to "someone," "adult"
References: 1 Cor 13:11; Jas 2:2
3. From plural to "inclusive" plural: 18 (64%)
Change: from "men" to "people," "friends," "they," "those," "their," "some"
References: Matt 12:41; 14:35; Luke 5:18; 11:31, 32; John 6:10; Acts 1:11, 21; 3:12; 4:4; 9:7; 13:16; 14:15; 17:22, 34; 19:35; 20:30; 21:28
4. From noun/personal pronoun to adjective/adverb: 1 (4%)
Change: from "man's" to "human"
Reference: Jas 1:20
5. Deletion: 3 (11%)
Change: deletion
References: Luke 14:24; Acts 15:22; Jas 3:2
NOTE: the phrase "men and women" is found in Acts 5:14; 8:3, 12; 9:2; 17:12; 22:4; the following references are addresses to groups of people: Acts 1:11, 16; 2:14, 22, 29, 37; 7:2; 13:15, 16, 26, 38; 15:7, 13; 17:22; 19:25, 35; 21:28; 22:1, 3; 23:6; 27:10, 21, 25; 28:17
No changes by category:
1. Already "gender-inclusive" in current NIV: 30 (16%)
a. by omitting translation of anēr: 27
References: Matt 15:38; Luke 16:18; 19:7; 24:19; Acts 1:16; 2:5, 14, 22, 29, 37; 3:14; 10:28; 13:6, 15, 21, 26, 38; 15:7, 13; 17:5; 22:1; 23:6, 21; 25:24; 28:17; Rom 11:4; Eph 4:13b. by paraphrase: 3
References: Luke 1:34; Acts 21:11, 38
2. Person referred to is undeniably male: 92 (49%)
References: Matt 14:21; Mark 6:20, 44; 10:2; Luke 1:27; 5:8, 12; 6:8; 7:20; 8:27, 38, 41; 9:14, 30, 32, 38; 17:12; 19:2; 22:63; 23:50 (2); 24:4; John 1:30; Acts 1:10; 2:22; 3:2; 5:1, 14, 25; 6:3, 5; 7:26; 8:3, 9, 12, 27; 9:2, 12, 13, 38; 10:1, 5, 17, 19, 21, 22, 30; 11:3, 11, 12, 20, 24; 13:7, 22; 14:8; 15:22, 25; 16:9; 17:12, 31; 18:24; 19:7, 37; 21:23, 26; 22:4, 12; 23:27, 30; 24:5; 25:5, 14, 17; 27:10, 21, 25; 1 Cor 11:3 (2),4, 7 (2),8 (2),9 (2),11 (2),12 (2),14; 1 Tim 2:8, 12
3. Husband: 56 (30%)
References: Matt 1:16, 19; Mark 10:12; Luke 2:36; John 1:13; 4:16, 17 (2),18 (2); Acts 5:9, 10; Rom 7:2 (3),3 (4); 1 Cor 7:2, 3 (2),4 (2),10, 11 (2),13 (2),14 (2),16 (2),34, 39 (2); 14:35; 2 Cor 11:2; Gal 4:27; Eph 5:22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 33; Col 3:18, 19; 1 Tim 3:2, 12; 5:9; Tit 1:6; 2:5; 1 Pet 3:1, 5, 7; Rev 21:2
4. Characters in parables: 2 (1%)
References: Matt 7:24, 26
5. Unclear why not changed in light of other changes: 8 (4%)
References: Acts 5:35, 36; 6:11; 7:2; 8:2; 19:25; 23:1; 25:23
